Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) Molecule for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Hole transport layer for p-i-n perovskite solar cells, hole selection layer (HSL), Br-4PhCz, (4-(8-Bromo-11H-benzo[a]carbazol-11-yl)butyl)phosphonic acid
Overview | Product Information | MSDS | Literature | Related Products | Technical Support
Br-4PhCz is a carbazole-based self-assembled monolayer material designed for high-efficiency organic, perovskite and all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Br-4PhCz features an asymmetric structure with a brominated 11H-benzo[a]carbazole terminal, a butyl linker and a phosphonic acid anchor. Br-4PhCz shows a large dipole moment 4.32 D which is critical for efficient hole extraction to speed up carrier transport and reduce interfacial recombination. Br-4PhCz adopts a face-on molecular orientation to the active layer with uniform substrate coverage to suppresses interfacial non-radiative recombination. Also, Br-4PhCz gives a suitable HOMO energy level of −5.32 eV with an exceptionally high hole mobility of 4.16 × 10−4 cm2V-1s−1.
As a result, binary OSC based on PM6:eC9 active layer using Br-4PhCz as the hole selection layer (HSL) exhibits a champion efficiency of 19.70% with a remarkable JSC of 29.20 mA cm−2 and a VOC of 0.856 V while the unencapsulated device retains 95.0% of its original efficiency after 1,000 hours of storage at air ambient, indicating excellent long-term stability. Moreover, impressive open-circuit voltage of 1.36 V is observed in wide band-gap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with a bandgap of 1.77 eV with maximum power conversion efficiencies of 29.35% (certified 28.98%) in all-perovskite tandem solar cells.
Serving as hole selective contact for organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells, Br-4PhCz is an alternative to PEDOT:PSS with superior performance and the convenience of solution deposition at low concentration, i.e. 1 mM.
General Information
| CAS Number | n.a. |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | C20H19BrNO3P |
| Molecular Weight | 432.25 g/mol |
| Absorption* | λmax = 312, 347, 365 nm (in ethanol); 318, 353, 370 nm (in film) |
| Fluorescence | λem (n.a.) |
| HOMO/LUMO | HOMO = -5.51 eV, LUMO = -2.29 eV [1] |
| Synonyms | BrBACz, (4-(11H-Benzo[a]carbazol-11-yl)butyl) phosphonic acid |
| Classification or Family | Benzo[a]carbazole derivatives, Self-assembly monolayers, Hole transport layer, Hole selection layer, p-i-n Perovskite solar cells, Tandem solar cells |
Product Details
| Purity | ≥98% (HPLC) |
|---|---|
| Melting Point | n.a. |
| Appearance | Off-white powder/crystals |
Solution Processing Procedure
Typical processing solvents: Methanol, ethanol. IPA, DMF
Typical suggested concentration: 1.0 mg/ml or 1.0 mM
Typical processing procedure: Br-4PhCz is dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml. The solution is then spin-coated onto a clean and ultraviolet-treated ITO or FTO substrate surface for 30 seconds at 3,000 rpm, followed by annealing for 4 min at 100 ℃. The ITO/SAMs substrate is then dynamically washed twice with the same SAM solution. (from device fabrication, DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401518). Or Br-4PhCz (0.5 mg/mL in ethanol) is spin-coated on ITO substrates at 3000 rpm for 30 s and annealed at 100 °C for 10 min (from device fabrication, DOI: 10.1002/adma.202523338).
Chemical Structure
MSDS Documentation
Br-4PhCz MSDS SheetLiterature and Reviews
- X. Yu et al. (2024), Self-Assembled Molecules with Asymmetric Backbone for Highly Stable Binary Organic Solar Cells with 19.7 % Efficiency, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 63 (18), e202401518; DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401518.
- J. Wang et al. (2026), Asymmetric Self-Assembled Molecule With High Dipole Moment for Efficient Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells and Tandems, Adv. Mater., 38 (13), e23338; DOI: 10.1002/adma.202523338.
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