Perovskite Materials

Perovskite materials are defined by their unique ABX₃ crystal structure, where "A" and "B" are cations and "X" is an anion.

generic perovskite crystal structure in ABX3 form — A generic perovskite crystal structure of the form ABX₃

The composition and stoichiometry of perovskite crystals can be altered to fit many different uses. They’re potential applications are only beginning to be explored, but some of the most popular uses of perovskites are in solar cell, LEDs, sensors and photodetectors.

Perovskites often utilize multiple A, B and X components in one crystal to achieve ideal material properties (e.g. for bandgap tuning, stability improvements). This stoichiometry is very important and impact device performance significantly. For most perovskite solar cell, precursor salts are mixed into a solution, which can be deposited through various thin film coating methods. This is known as a perovskite precursor solution or perovskite ink.

Jump to: Perovskite Material Collections | Browse all Perovskite Materials | Resources and Support

Perovskite Material Collections

Perovskite Inks

Get started making solar cells quickly and easily with our ready-made perovskite precursor inks.

Perovskite Precursors

Perovskite Precursor Materials

Browse our range of oganic halide materials for creating perovskite precursors.

Perovskite Interface Materials

Optimize your devices by selecting the right perovskite interface materials for your device.

Browse Perovskite Materials

Filter by popularity: popular perovskite materials

Methylammonium Iodide (MAI)

CAS 14965-49-2

From $169

Methylammonium Bromide (MABr)

CAS 6876-37-5

From $182

Spiro-OMeTAD (Spiro-MeOTAD)

CAS 207739-72-8

From $273

PTAA for Perovskite Applications

CAS 1333317-99-9

From $325

Formamidinium Iodide (FAI)

CAS 879643-71-7

From $169

Formamidinium Bromide (FABr)

CAS 146958-06-7

From $208

Perovskite Precursor Ink for Air Processing

From $260

Triple Cation Perovskite Precursor Ink (for Nitrogen Processing)

From $338

Perovskite Precursor Ink for Nitrogen Processing

From $260

P3HT

CAS 104934-50-1

From $299

F4TCNQ

CAS 29261-33-4

From $137

Nickel (II) Oxide Powder

CAS 1313-99-1

From $52

Bathocuproine (BCP)

CAS 4733-39-5

From $312

LiTFSI

CAS 90076-65-6

Price $247

n-Butylammonium Iodide

CAS 36945-08-1

Price $221

F8BT (PFBT)

CAS 210347-52-7

From $273

TPBi

CAS 192198-85-9

From $273

PFO (F8)

CAS 19456-48-5

From $215

PolyTPD

CAS 472960-35-3

From $325

PFN-bromide, PFN-Br

CAS 889672-99-5

From $364

PCDTBT

CAS 958261-50-2

From $338

NPB (NPD)

CAS 123847-85-8

From $234

PFN, PFN-DOF

CAS 673474-74-3

From $364

Perovskite Quantum Dots

CAS 15243-48-8

From $286

CBP, 4,4′-Bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl

CAS 58328-31-7

From $150

HATCN

CAS 105598-27-4

From $150

TFB

CAS 220797-16-0

From $364

BPhen (Bathophenanthroline)

CAS 1662-01-7

From $260

4-tert-Butylpyridine

CAS 3978-81-2

From $390

PFN-I

CAS 1687752-60-8

From $364

TQ1, PTQ1

CAS 565228-37-7

From $442

m-MTDATA

CAS 124729-98-2

From $202

PCPDTBT

CAS 920515-34-0

From $338

PSBTBT

CAS 1089687-02-4

From $494

FK102-Co(III)TFSi Salt

CAS 2057441-94-6

Price $182

TAZ, 3-(Biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole

CAS 150405-69-9

From $228

B4PymPm

CAS 1030380-51-8

From $455

B3PymPm

CAS 925425-96-3

From $390

TPD - N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine

CAS 65181-78-4

Price $390

Spiro-TTB

CAS 515834-67-0

From $273

MADN

CAS 804560-00-7

From $377

PFN-FP

CAS 673474-79-8

From $364

Ethylammonium Iodide, EAI

CAS 506-58-1

From $221

Benzylammonium Iodide (BzAI)

CAS 45579-91-7

Price $234

FK102-Co(II)PF6 Salt

CAS 1392221-69-0

Price $247

B4PyPPm

CAS 1097652-83-9

From $455

Guanidinium Bromide

CAS 19244-98-5

Price $221

Guanidinium Iodide

CAS 19227-70-4

Price $234

Acetamidinium Iodide

CAS 1452099-14-7

Price $260

n-Butylammonium Bromide

CAS 15567-09-6

Price $202

FK102-Co(II)TFSi Salt

Price $247

2PACz

CAS 20999-38-6

From $221

Guanidinium Tetrafluoroborate

CAS 36595-00-3

From $195

TTPA

CAS 177799-16-5

From $325

PFN-FP-I

CAS 1026670-72-3

From $364

Imidazolium Bromide

CAS 101023-55-6

From $150

Imidazolium Iodide

CAS 68007-08-9

Price $260

Dimethylammonium Bromide (DMABr)

CAS 6912-12-5

Price $169

Dimethylammonium Iodide (DMAI)

CAS 51066-74-1

Price $150

Ethylammonium Bromide, EABr

CAS 593-55-5

Price $169

n-Propylammonium Iodide

CAS 14488-45-0

From $163

t-Butylammonium Bromide

CAS 60469-70-7

Price $208

t-Butylammonium Iodide

CAS 39557-45-4

From $215

iso-Butylammonium Bromide

CAS 74098-36-5

Price $130

iso-Butylammonium iodide

CAS 205508-75-4

Price $195

FK102-Co(III)PF6 Salt

CAS 1346416-71-4

Price $312

Phosphorylcholine chloride

CAS 107-73-3

From $78

9CPA

CAS 6622-54-4

From $169

9CAA

CAS 524-80-1

From $169

DCB-BPA

From $273

2BrPTZPA

From $260

Br-2EPT

CAS 2826271-17-2

From $260

MeO-4PACz

CAS 2922526-56-3

From $260

4PACz

CAS 20999-36-4

From $247

Cl-2PACz

From $260

MPA-CPA

CAS 2212003-31-9

From $299

4PADCB

CAS 2882156-63-8

From $208

DMAcPA

CAS 2971088-37-4

From $338

2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexakis(hexyloxy)triphenylene - HAT6

CAS 70351-86-9

From $234

MeO-2PACz

CAS 2377770-18-6

From $247

Br-2PACz

CAS 2762888-11-7

From $221

2,2′-Bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid

CAS 6813-38-3

$228
From $115

Fullerene C60 Malonic Acid

From $312

Resources and Support

What is a Perovskite Solar Cell

A perovskite solar cell is a thin film photovoltaic device. In these devices, perovskites absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy. Certain perovskites have fundamental properties which make them excellent at this. In some ways, perovskites are even better than the materials used in current solar cells.

PTAA or Spiro-OMeTAD? | Choosing a HTL for your Solar Cells

PTAA and Spiro-OMeTAD are both used as hole transport layers in high efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Regular architecture devices using PTAA and Spiro-OMeTAD layers have demonstrated power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 22% and 25% respectively.

Perovskites and Perovskite Solar Cells - An Introduction

The rapid improvement of perovskite solar cells has made them the rising star of the photovoltaics world and of huge interest to the academic community.

History and Evolution of Perovskites

The discovery of perovskite crystals in the Ural Mountains in the 19th century was followed by the discovery of metal halide perovskites some 50 years later.

2D perovskites and quasi-2D perovskites crystal structure

What Are 2D Perovskites?

2D perovskites are perovskite materials with a layered crystal structure. They are made up of metal-halide sheets, separated by large organic cations called spacers.

Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells

Perovskite tandem solar cells are a hot topic for soalar researchers due to their potential for achieving high efficiencies at lower costs. These cells have garnered significant attention, especially after LONGi Solar set a record efficiency of 33.9%. This achievement has popularized perovskite tandem solar cells and motivated ongoing research.

Light transmission through a wide band gap perovskite- any photons with energy over 1.7 eV will be absorbed WBG perovskite.

Wide Bandgap Perovskites

Wide bandgap (WBG) perovskites are a subset of perovskite semiconductor materials. These perovskite materials are characterized by a bandgap energy (Eg) >1.7 eV.

Introduction to..

Introduction to MAPbI3 : Methylammonium Lead Iodide, CH3NH3PbI3

Methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) was one of the first perovskite materials used in perovskite solar cells. These crystal structures combine the organic A cation methylammonium (MA+, CH3NH3+) and divalent lead (Pb+) with three iodide anions (I-).

An Introduction to FAPbI3: Formamadinium Lead Iodide, CH(NH2)2PbI3

Formamidinum lead iodide (FAPbI3) is a material used for perovskite solar cells. FAPbI3 was introduced in 2014 as an alternative to MAPbI3 (Eperon 2014).

Fabrication and Processing

The Ultimate Guide to Making Perovskite Solar Cells

Over the past 10 years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved record efficiencies of 25.5% single junction solar cells (as of 20211) and these efficiencies are rising impressively.

Perovskite Fabrication

This guide describes our recommended fabrication routine for perovskite solar cells using Ossila I101 Perovskite Precursor Ink which is designed to be used with a bottom ITO/PEDOT:PSS anode and a top PC70BM/Ca/Al cathode.

Perovskite Solar Cells: Methods of Increasing Stability & Durability

This article aims to introduce some methods that have been adapted to improve perovskite solar cell stability.

Perovskite Solar Cells: Causes of Degradation

Perovskite solar cells show impressive efficiencies and offer “a different kind of solar cell” that could be cheap to manufacture and could be semi-transparent, lightweight, and flexible.

Perovskite Solar Cells: Passivation Techniques

Perovskite solar cells have demonstrated impressive device metrics, including open-circuit voltages of up to 1.2V. However, in order for PSCs to achieve their theoretical best efficiencies, all non-essential recombination pathways should be eliminated.

Perovskite being spin coated within Ossila Laboratory Glove Box

I301 Triple Cation Perovskite Solar Cells Processing

A condensed summary of our fabrication routine for standard architecture devices using our I301 Triple Cation Perovskite Precursor Ink. This recipe is based on the one described by Saliba et al (2018).

How to Make Efficient Perovskites Solar Cells in A Glove Box

This video is a guide on how to make perovskite films when processed inside a nitrogen filled glove box. The resultant devices achieve efficiencies greater than 19% PCE.

Guide to make efficient air processed perovskite devices

This video provides a guide to making efficient air-processed perovskite devices.

More Resources

Perovskite FAQ

Our technical support team receive enquiries about perovskite solar cell or photovoltaic fabrication on a regular basis. For your convenience, we've collated some of the most common questions here which you may find helpful when using I101 or I201 perovskite precursor inks.

How humidity affects air processed perovskite films

This video details the effects humidity has on air-processed perovskite films.

Perovskite Quantum Dots: A Rapidly Expanding Area of Research

>Over the last two decades, quantum dots have elicited a considerable amount of excitement and attention from both research scientists and the media. When Sony launched their XBR line of televisions in 2013, quantum dots successfully moved from pure research into the commercial sphere. Despite this, there are still some barriers to overcome before we can expect to see widespread adoption of quantum dot-based products.

Synthesis of Perovskite Quantum Dots

Synthesising high quality quantum dots (QDs) can be a complex process. Two major routes to the synthesis have now been developed: room temperate synthesis and synthesis by hot injection.

Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) in Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs)

Incorporating self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) within perovskite solar cells has improved device efficiency. SAMs exist as ultrathin layers that can be engineered to improve various aspects of the solar cell including charge transport and stability. SAMs have benefits including:

Perovskite LEDs

Perovskite LEDs (light emitting diodes), often abbreviated to PeLEDs, use a perovskite material layer to emit light. PeLEDs have many benefits over the common OLED (organic light emitting diodes) and QLED (quantum dot light emitting diodes) alternatives.