Rhenium Disulfide (ReS2) Powder and Crystal

Rhenium disulfide (ReS₂, CAS number 12038-63-0) is a 2D layered semiconductor. Unlike most 2D layered materials, ReS₂ behaves as a stack of electronically and vibrationally decoupled monolayers, even in the bulk form. Raman spectrum and photoluminescence properties are independent of the number of layers. This suggests that ReS₂ could offer a novel system to study mesoscopic physics of 2D systems without the limitation of obtaining large-area, monolayer-thick flakes.

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≥99.999% rhenium diselenide Crystal

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Different Forms of Rhenium Disulfide

Sheets

Produce single or few-layer sheets

Rhenium disulfide is a direct band gap semiconductor that has exhibited outstanding optoelectronic performance due to its weak interlayer coupling. Compared to black phosphorus (BP),  ReS₂ is a naturally-occurring yet extremely rare TMDC so it is environmentally stable which makes it an ideal candidate for applications in ambient conditions. ReS₂ has been found to be a diamagnetic semiconductor, an n-type photovoltaic material with a 1.4 eV optical gap, and exhibits bi-axial optical and electrical properties.

We supply low price rhenium disulfide in several different forms for a range of applications.

Rhenium Disulfide Powder

Can be used for preparation of rhenium disulfide nanoplates and ultrathin films

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≥99.995% purity

From £220

Rhenium Disulfide Crystals by Size

Can be used to produce single or few-layer rhenium disulfide sheets via mechanical or liquid exfoliation

Small (≥10 mm²) or medium (≥25 mm²) crystals available*

≥99.999% purity

From £520

*Typical representative size, areas/dimensions may vary

Bulk single rhenium disulfide crystal is most commonly used as sources from which single or few-layer sheets can be obtained via either mechanical or liquid exfoliation. 

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Rhenium disulfide powder can also be used to prepare ReS₂ nanosheets and nanoparticles by liquid-exfoliation (normally assisted by sonication), especially when it is the case of foreign elements such as lithium or sodium cations being inserted between layers by the process of intercalation. Liquid exfoliation can provide mass production of such products.

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• High purity, low price rhenium disulfide
• Available as a powder or as individual crystals
• Can be used to produce single or few-layer sheets
• Free worldwide shipping on qualifying orders

Structure of Rhenium Disulfide

ReS₂ unit cell is derived from hexagonal symmetry towards triclinic - a distorted 1T structure. An ReS₂ single layer is comprised of three atomic layers, 'S–Re–S', where Re and S are joined by covalent bonds and each rhenium is coordinated to six sulfur atoms in approximately octahedral geometry. Each sulfur atom is bonded to three Re atoms. Each Re atom also groups into parallelograms of four Re atoms, hence offering opportunities to introduce built-in planar anisotropy into composite heterostructures. 

Like other 2D layered materials, the adjacent layers in ReS₂ are also coupled by weak van der Waals (vdW) forces to form bulk crystals.

Unlike most of the TMDCs, ReS₂ has an unique structure with its in-plane 1D chains of Re atoms. These are arranged into linked parallelograms - forming Re₄ “diamond” shapes along the b axis. Such a structure makes it an optically bi-axial material which shows exceptionally anisotropic electrical and optical behaviour for linearly-polarised light.

Properties of 2D Rhenium Disulfide

After exfoliation of crystal or powder, rhenium disulfide typically has the following properties:

• ‎ReS₂ is a naturally-occurring yet extremely rare TMDC so it is environmentally stable
• Triclinic distorted 1T structure (space group: P-1)
• ReS₂ behaves as a stack of electronically- and vibrationally decoupled monolayers, even in the bulk form.
• Raman spectrum and photoluminescence properties are independent of the number of layers
• ReS₂ has been found to be a diamagnetic semiconductor, an n-type photovoltaic material with a 1.4 eV optical gap

Applications of Rhenium Disulfide

Rhenium disulfide single crystals can be used to prepare monolayer and few-layer ReS₂ by mechanical or liquid exfoliation. Rhenium disulfide powder is suitable for liquid chemical exfoliation to prepare ReS₂ nanosheets and nanoparticles down to few-layer films. 

Rhenium disulfide has peculiar physical properties: it exhibits distinct in-plane anisotropy and has a direct tunable optical band gap between 1.4 and 1.6 eV for both bulk and monolayer structures. Thus, ReS₂ layered nanostructures are good candidates for optoelectronic devices, photosensitive detectors, sensors, stretchable electrodes and electrocatalysts applications. ReS₂ nanosheets and nanoparticles are also used for the fabrication of field-effect transistors, energy storage devices such as rechargeable batteries, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). ReS₂ can also be employed to fabricate solar cell devices.

Rhenium disulfide has peculiar physical properties: it exhibits distinct in-plane anisotropy and has a direct tunable optical band gap between 1.4 and 1.6 eV for both bulk and monolayer structures. Thus, ReS₂ layered nanostructures are good candidates for optoelectronic devices, photosensitive detectors, sensors, stretchable electrodes, and electrocatalysts applications. 

Exfoliated rhenium disulfide (ReS₂) nanosheets are shown to have a strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance, and could effectively be used in biomedical applications, such as CT imaging and chemo-photothermal cancer treatment. High-purity rhenium disulfide powder is great for obtaining ReS₂ nanosheets by liquid exfoliation in mass production.

ReS₂ can also be employed to fabricate solar cell devices.

Literature and Reviews

• Synthesis and Characterization of ReS2 and ReSe2 Layered Chalcogenide Single Crystals, B. Jariwala et al., Chem. Mater., 28, 3352−3359 (2016); DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00364.
• Rhenium Dichalcogenides: Layered Semiconductors with Two Vertical Orientations, L. Hart et al., Nano Lett., 16, 1381−1386 (2016); DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04838.
• Growth of two-dimensional rhenium disulfide (ReS2) nanosheets with a few layers at low temperature, S. Kim et al., CrystEngComm, 19, 5341 (2017); DOI: 10.1039/c7ce00926g.
• Selecting electrode materials for monolayer ReS2 with an Ohmic contact, J. Mater. Chem. C, 6, 6764 (2018); DOI: 10.1039/c8tc02116c.
• Structure of Rhenium Disulfide, H. Murray et al., Inorg. Chem., 33, 4418—4420 (1994); DOI: 10.1021/ic00097a037.
• Advent of 2D Rhenium Disulfide (ReS2): Fundamentals to Applications, M. Rahman et al., Adv. Funct. Mater., 27, 1606129 (2017); DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201606129.
• Bottom-Up Preparation of Uniform Ultrathin Rhenium Disulfide Nanosheets for Image-Guided Photothermal Radiotherapy, S. Shen et al., Adv. Funct. Mater., 27, 1700250 (2017); DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201700250.
• High-Performance 2D Rhenium Disulfi de (ReS2) Transistors and Photodetectors by Oxygen Plasma Treatment, J. Shim et al., Adv. Mater., 28, 6985–6992 (2016); DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601002.
• Rhenium Dichalcogenides: Layered Semiconductors with Two Vertical Orientations, L. Hart et al., Nano Lett., 16, 1381−1386 (2016); DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04838.
• Liquid Exfoliation of Colloidal Rhenium Disulfide Nanosheets as a Multifunctional Theranostic Agent for In Vivo Photoacoustic/CT Imaging and Photothermal Therapy, Z. Miao et al., Small, 14, 1703789 (2018); DOI: 10.1002/smll.201703789.
• Single-Layer ReS2: Two-Dimensional Semiconductor with Tunable In Plane Anisotropy, Y. Lin et al., ACS Nano, 9 (11), 11249–11257 (2015); DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b04851.
• Sequential bottom-up and top-down processing for the synthesis of transition metal dichalcogenide nanosheets: the case of rhenium disulfide (ReS2), N. Al-Dulaimi et al., Chem. Commun., 52, 7878 (2016); DOI: 10.1039/c6cc03316d.
• Albumin-assisted exfoliated ultrathin rhenium disulfide nanosheets as a tumor targeting and dualstimuli-responsive drug delivery system for
  a combination chemo-photothermal treatment, Q. Huang et al., RSC Adv., 8, 4624 (2018); DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13454a.
• Monolayer behaviour in bulk ReS2 due to electronic and vibrational decoupling, S. Tongay et al., Nat. Commun., 5:3252 (2014); DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4252.
  
• Chemical Vapor Deposition of Monolayer Rhenium Disulfi de (ReS2), K. Keyshar et al., Adv. Mater., 27, 4640–4648 (2015); DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501795.