{"product_id":"tbu-4pacz","title":"tBu-4PACz","description":"\u003ch2 id=\"product-oneliner\"\u003eHole Transport Layer Interface for Perovskite Solar Cells\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"text-center\"\u003eSelf-assembled monolayer for efficient hole-extraction and suppressed interfacial recombination losses\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"text-center\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#specifications\"\u003eProduct Information\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#msds\"\u003eMSDS\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#literature\"\u003eLiterature\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#related-products\"\u003eRelated Products\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#technical-support\"\u003eTechnical Support\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c\/em\u003eBu-4PACz is a self-assembled monolayer material featuring a steric di-\u003cem\u003etert\u003c\/em\u003e-butylcarbazole terminal, a butyl linker and a phosphonic acid anchor. Developed for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells as a hole transport layer interface between the substrate and the perovskite active layer. The bulky di-\u003cem\u003etert\u003c\/em\u003e-butyl groups on the carbazole terminal prevent undesired aggregation of the self-assembled molecules on the interface, which in return facilitates more efficient hole-extraction and suppresses interfacial recombination losses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe terminal carbazolyl moiety of \u003cem\u003et\u003c\/em\u003eBu-4PACz containing di-tert-butyl groups is hydrophobic and this results in wetting issues upon the deposition of the perovskite layer. To overcome the wettability of \u003cem\u003et\u003c\/em\u003eBu-4PACz, a second component is introduced to adopt a mixed SAM system as the hole-extraction layer in inverted devices. The second component could either be another self-assembled monolayer material, such as \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/products\/meo-2pacz\" title=\"meo-2pacz\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMeO-2PACz,\u003c\/a\u003e or 1,6-hexylene-diphosphonic acid (6\u003cem\u003ed\u003c\/em\u003ePA). With \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/products\/meo-2pacz\" title=\"meo-2pacz\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMeO-2PACz\u003c\/a\u003e as the mixed SAM, \u003cem\u003et\u003c\/em\u003eBu-4PACz based inverted PSC shows high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.25% (26.21%, certificated) with outstanding fill factors over 86%. Also, the mixed SAM based inverted PSC devices demonstrate great stability, retaining over 94.7% of their initial efficiency after 500 h continuous maximum power-point tracking under simulation 1-sun irradiation.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServing as hole selective contact for organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells, \u003cem\u003et\u003c\/em\u003eBu-4PACz is an alternative to \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"pedot:pss\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/collections\/pedot\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePEDOT:PSS\u003c\/a\u003e with superior performance and the convenience of solution deposition at low concentration, i.e. 1 mM.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"specifications\"\u003eGeneral Information\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e3023627-39-3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eC\u003csub\u003e24\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e34\u003c\/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e415.51 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eAbsorption*\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eλ\u003csub\u003emax\u003c\/sub\u003e (n.a.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eFluorescence\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eλ\u003csub\u003eem\u003c\/sub\u003e (n.a.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eHOMO\/LUMO\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHOMO = -5.16 eV, LUMO = -0.63 eV (DFT)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eSynonyms\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e (4-(3,6-Di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl)phosphonic acid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eClassification or Family\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCarbazole derivatives, Self-assembly monolayers, Hole transport layer, Hole selection layer,\u003cem\u003e p-i-n\u003c\/em\u003e Perovskite solar cells\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProduct Details\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 98% (HPLC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e184–186 °C (melting and decomposition)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eWhite powder\/crystals\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel panel-default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel-body\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSolution Processing Procedure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical processing solvents:\u003c\/em\u003e Methanol, ethanol\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical suggested concentration: \u003c\/em\u003e1.0 mg\/ml or 1.0 mM\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical processing procedure: t\u003c\/em\u003eBu-4PACz and \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/products\/meo-2pacz\" title=\"meo-2pacz\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eMeO-2PACz\u003c\/a\u003e are separately dissolved in ethanol (0.5 mg\/ml) and then mixed in a 3:2 (v\/v) ratio. The cooperative self-assembled monolayer (co-SAM) solution is then spin-coated onto a clean and  ultraviolet-treated ITO substrate surface, followed by annealing for 10 min at 100 ℃ (from solar cell fabrication, \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"tbu-4pacz\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202407387\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDOI: 10.1002\/smll.202407387\u003c\/a\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChemical Structure\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cfigure\u003e\u003ca title=\"tBu-4PACz chemical structure\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/tbu-4pacz-3023627-39-3-chemical-structure-body.png\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"tBu-4PACz chemical structure\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/tbu-4pacz-3023627-39-3-chemical-structure-body.png?height=240\"\u003e \u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c\/em\u003eBu-4PACz Chemical Structure, CAS No. 3023627-39-3\u003c\/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c\/figure\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"msds\"\u003eMSDS Documentation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca title=\"tBu-4PAC MSDS Sheet\" href=\"https:\/\/downloads.ossila.com\/msds\/tbu-4pacz.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cimg width=\"30\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/product-downloads-msds.svg\" loading=\"lazy\" height=\"39\" class=\"msds-icon\" alt=\"tBu-4PAC MSDS Sheet\"\u003e\u003cem\u003et\u003c\/em\u003eBu-4PACz MSDS Sheet\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"literature\"\u003eLiterature and Reviews\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZ. Su et al. (2024), \u003cem\u003eStereo-Hindrance Induced Conformal Self-Assembled Monolayer for High Efficiency Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells, \u003c\/em\u003eSmall, 20 (52), 2407387; \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"tbu-4pacz\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202407387\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDOI: 10.1002\/smll.202407387\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA. Al-Ashouri et al. (2023), \u003cem\u003eWettability Improvement of a Carbazole-Based Hole-Selective Monolayer for Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells,\u003c\/em\u003e ACS Energy Lett., 8 (2), 898-900; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsenergylett.2c02629\" title=\"tbu-4pacz\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDOI: 10.1021\/acsenergylett.2c02629\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"related-products\"\u003eRelated Products\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[[collection handle=\"self-assembled-monolayers\" limit=\"5\"]]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-container\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-tile\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/collections\/self-assembled-monolayers\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-button background-light-blue\"\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs)\" height=\"109\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/self-assembled-monolayers-collection-design.png?width=150\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelf-Assembled\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonolayers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-tile\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/collections\/perovskite-materials\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-button background-ossila-blue\"\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"Perovskite Materials\" height=\"109\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/collection-link-Perovskite-Materials.png?width=150\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerovskite Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-tile\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/collections\/semiconducting-molecules\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-button background-light-blue\"\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"Semiconducting Molecules\" height=\"109\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/collection-link-Semiconducting-Molecules.png?width=150\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSemiconducting\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecules\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eLicensed by Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH in Germany and Kaunas University of Technology in Lithuania.\u003c\/i\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Ossila","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":51530434674904,"sku":"M2593A1-250mg","price":285.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":51530434707672,"sku":"M2593A1-500mg","price":465.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":51530434740440,"sku":"M2593A1-1g","price":735.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0823\/0287\/files\/tbu-4pacz-3023627-39-3-chemical-structure-title.png?v=1775141534","url":"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/products\/tbu-4pacz","provider":"Ossila","version":"1.0","type":"link"}