{"product_id":"phpapy","title":"PhPAPy","description":"\u003ch2 id=\"product-oneliner\"\u003eSelf-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) Molecule for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"text-center\"\u003eHole transport layer for \u003cem\u003ep-i-n\u003c\/em\u003e perovskite solar cells, hole selection layer (HSL), PhPAPy, \u003cspan\u003e (4-(Pyren-1-yl)phenyl)phosphonic acid\u003c\/span\u003e, CAS No. 1520028-95-8\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"text-center\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#overview\"\u003eOverview\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#specifications\"\u003eProduct Information\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#msds\"\u003eMSDS\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#literature\"\u003eLiterature\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#related-products\"\u003eRelated Products\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#technical-support\"\u003eTechnical Support\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhPAPy is a \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"self-assembled monolayer\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/pages\/sam-perovskite-solar-cells-pscs\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eself-assembled monolayer material\u003c\/a\u003e featuring a rigid aromatic ring structure with a pyrene terminal, a phenyl linker and a phosphonic anchor. Sandwiched between the substrate and the perovskite active layer, PhPAPy monolayer serves as the hole selection layer (HSL) for high efficiency inverted perovskite solar cells. The rigidity presented by the pyrene terminal hinders rotational freedom thus creates a near-vertical molecular orientation on the substrate. Also, the planar pyrene structure and the near-vertical molecular orientation enhance π–π interactions between the pyrene rings, giving an orderly and densely packed self-assembled monolayer. This uniform film geometry effectively enhances the interfacial properties, minimizes the direct contact between the active layer and the substrate, and reduces buried interface defects for efficient hole extraction to improve both efficiency and stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs a result, inverted PSCs based on PhPAPy as the HSL demonstrate a maximum reverse-scanning power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.74% and a certified stabilized power output efficiency of 26.12%. Moreover, 95% of their initial efficiency is retained after 2000 h of maximum power point tracking under continuous AM 1.5G illumination at 65 °C and ambient humidity (ISOS-L-2).\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhPAPy has the same terminal group as \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/products\/py3\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"py3, 1520027-62-6\" rel=\"noopener\"\u003ePy3\u003c\/a\u003e, another \u003cspan\u003epyrene based self-assembled monolayer material for high-efficiency PSCs.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServing as hole selective contact for organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells, PhPAPy is an alternative to \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"pedot:pss\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/collections\/pedot\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePEDOT:PSS\u003c\/a\u003e with superior performance and the convenience of solution deposition at low concentration, i.e. 1 mM.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"specifications\"\u003eGeneral Information\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e1520028-95-8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eC\u003csub\u003e22\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e15\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e358.33 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eAbsorption*\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eλ\u003csub\u003emax\u003c\/sub\u003e (n.a.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eFluorescence\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eλ\u003csub\u003eem\u003c\/sub\u003e (n.a.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eHOMO\/LUMO\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eThe valence band (VB) of FTO\/PhPAPy is -5.43 eV\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eSynonyms\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e(4-(Pyren-1-yl)phenyl)phosphonic acid\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eClassification or Family\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePyrene derivatives, Self-assembly monolayers, Hole transport layer, Hole selection layer,\u003cem\u003e p-i-n\u003c\/em\u003e Perovskite solar cells\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProduct Details\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026gt; 98% (HPLC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e360 °C (decomposition)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOff-white powder\/crystals\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel panel-default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel-body\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSolution Processing Procedure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical processing solvents:\u003c\/em\u003e Methanol, ethanol. IPA, DMF\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical suggested concentration: \u003c\/em\u003e1.0 mg\/ml or 1.0 mM\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical processing procedure: \u003c\/em\u003ePhPAPy is dissolved in a mixed solvent of IPA and DMF (3:1 v\/v) at a concentration of 1.0 mg\/ml. The solution is then spin-coated onto a clean and ultraviolet-treated ITO or FTO substrate surface for 30 seconds at 4,000 rpm, followed by annealing for 10 min at 100 ℃. The coated substrate is then rinsed with ethanol via spin-coating for 20 seconds at 5,000 rpm, and annealed for 5 min at  100 ℃ (from perovskite solar cell fabrication, \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"phpapy\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.202505876\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDOI: 10.1002\/anie.202505876\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"tbu-4pacz\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202407387\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChemical Structure\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cfigure\u003e\u003ca title=\"phpapy, 1520028-95-8 chemical structure\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0823\/0287\/files\/phpapy-1520028-95-8-chemical-structure-body.png\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" alt=\"phpapy, 1520028-95-8\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0823\/0287\/files\/phpapy-1520028-95-8-chemical-structure-body_320x240.png?v=1776076998\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003ePhPAPy, (4-(Pyren-1-yl)phenyl)phosphonic acid chemical structure, CAS No. 1520028-95-8\u003c\/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c\/figure\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"msds\"\u003eMSDS Documentation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca title=\"phpapy, 1520028-95-8 MSDS Sheet\" href=\"https:\/\/downloads.ossila.com\/msds\/phpapy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cimg width=\"30\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/product-downloads-msds.svg\" loading=\"lazy\" height=\"39\" class=\"msds-icon\" alt=\"phpapy, 1520028-95-8 MSDS Sheet\"\u003ePhPAPy MSDS Sheet\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"literature\"\u003eLiterature and Reviews\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eY. Feng et al. (2025), Homogenized Self-Assembled Molecules for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 64, e202505876; \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"phpapy\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.202505876\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDOI: 10.1002\/anie.202505876\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA. Ullah et al. (2026), Self-Assembled Monolayers in p–i–n Perovskite Solar Cells: Molecular Design, Interfacial Engineering, and Machine Learning–Accelerated Material Discovery, Adv. Mater., e20220; \u003ca rel=\"noopener\" title=\"self-assembled monolayer materials, phpapy\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202520220\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDOI: 10.1002\/adma.202520220\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"related-products\"\u003eRelated Products\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[[collection handle=\"self-assembled-monolayers\" limit=\"5\"]]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-container\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-tile\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/collections\/self-assembled-monolayers\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-button background-light-blue\"\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs)\" height=\"109\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/self-assembled-monolayers-collection-design.png?width=150\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelf-Assembled\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonolayers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-tile\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/collections\/perovskite-materials\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-button background-ossila-blue\"\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"Perovskite Materials\" height=\"109\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/collection-link-Perovskite-Materials.png?width=150\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerovskite Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-tile\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/collections\/semiconducting-molecules\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-button background-light-blue\"\u003e\n\u003cimg alt=\"Semiconducting Molecules\" height=\"109\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/collection-link-Semiconducting-Molecules.png?width=150\" width=\"150\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSemiconducting\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecules\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Ossila","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":51544602149080,"sku":"M2595A1-250mg","price":300.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":51544602181848,"sku":"M2595A1-500mg","price":480.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":51544602214616,"sku":"M2595A1-1g","price":765.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0823\/0287\/files\/phpapy-1520028-95-8-chemical-structure-title.png?v=1775732366","url":"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/products\/phpapy","provider":"Ossila","version":"1.0","type":"link"}