{"product_id":"4-phcz","title":"4-PhCz","description":"\u003ch2 id=\"product-oneliner\"\u003eSelf-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) Molecule for High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"text-center\"\u003eHole transport layer for \u003cem\u003ep-i-n\u003c\/em\u003e perovskite solar cells, hole selection layer (HSL), 4-PhCz, \u003cspan\u003e(4-(11H-Benzo[a]carbazol-11-yl)butyl) phosphonic acid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp class=\"text-center\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"#overview\"\u003eOverview\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#specifications\"\u003eProduct Information\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#msds\"\u003eMSDS\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#literature\"\u003eLiterature\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#related-products\"\u003eRelated Products\u003c\/a\u003e | \u003ca href=\"#technical-support\"\u003eTechnical Support\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-PhCz is a \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/pages\/sam-perovskite-solar-cells-pscs\" title=\"self-assembled monolayer\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eself-assembled monolayer material\u003c\/a\u003e designed for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells and perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells. 4-PhCz features an aromatic asymmetric 11H-benzo[a]carbazole terminal group, a butyl linker and a phosphonic acid anchoring group. 4-PhCz severs as hole selection layer between the substrate and the perovskite active layer. The asymmetric, extended π-conjugated structure of the benzo[a]carbazole terminal not only minimizes aggregation to ensure uniform surface coverage on the substrate but also strengthens the interactions between the self-assembled monolayer and perovskites, a bifacial reinforcement. The larger dipole moment of 2.04 \u003cem\u003eD\u003c\/em\u003e presented by the terminal group facilitates efficient hole extraction while the smaller contact angle of 11.06° with perovskite precursors enhances film crystallinity. This results a great \u003cem\u003eV\u003csub\u003eOC\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e of 1.273 V with a low voltage loss of 0.397 V relative to the wide bandgap (1.67 eV) of the perovskite solar cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMonolithic perovskite\/silicon tandem based on 4-PhCz as the self-assembled hole transport layer demonstrates a certified efficiency of 31.26% with an impressive \u003cem\u003eV\u003csub\u003eOC\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e of 1.957 V. Moreover, 92% of its initial efficiency after 1000 h of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is achieved under 1-sun illumination in a nitrogen atmosphere at 25 °C, owing to the suppressed light-induced halide segregation presented by the self-assembled monolayer material 4-PhCz.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eServing as hole selective contact for organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells, 4-PhCz is an alternative to \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/collections\/pedot\" title=\"pedot:pss\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePEDOT:PSS\u003c\/a\u003e with superior performance and the convenience of solution deposition at low concentration, i.e. 1 mM.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"specifications\"\u003eGeneral Information\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eCAS Number\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003en.a.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eC\u003csub\u003e20\u003c\/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e20\u003c\/sub\u003eNO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003eP\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e353.35 g\/mol\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eAbsorption*\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eλ\u003csub\u003emax\u003c\/sub\u003e = 365 nm (in Film)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eFluorescence\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eλ\u003csub\u003eem\u003c\/sub\u003e (n.a.)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eHOMO\/LUMO\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHOMO = -5.78 eV, LUMO = -2.52 eV [1]\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eSynonyms\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e (4-(11H-Benzo[a]carbazol-11-yl)butyl) phosphonic acid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eClassification or Family\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eBenzo[a]carbazole \u003c\/span\u003ederivatives, Self-assembly monolayers, Hole transport layer, Hole selection layer,\u003cem\u003e p-i-n\u003c\/em\u003e Perovskite solar cells, Tandem solar cells\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eProduct Details\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003ePurity\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e ≥98%\u003c\/span\u003e (HPLC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003en.a.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth width=\"38.2%\"\u003eAppearance\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eOff-white powder\/crystals\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel panel-default\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"panel-body\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSolution Processing Procedure\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical processing solvents:\u003c\/em\u003e Methanol, ethanol. IPA, DMF\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical suggested concentration: \u003c\/em\u003e1.0 mg\/ml or 1.0 mM\u003cbr\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical processing procedure: \u003c\/em\u003e4-PhCz is dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 0.5 mg\/ml. The solution is then spin-coated onto a clean and ultraviolet-treated ITO or FTO substrate surface for 30 seconds at 3,000 rpm, followed by annealing for 10 min at 100 ℃.  (from device fabrication, \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.202505876\" title=\"phpapy\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202504520\" title=\"4-phcz\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDOI: 10.1002\/adma.202504520\u003c\/a\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChemical Structure\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cfigure\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0823\/0287\/files\/4-phcz-chemical-structure-body.png\" title=\"4-phcz chemical structure\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" alt=\"4-phcz\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0823\/0287\/files\/4-phcz-chemical-structure-body_320x240.png?v=1776342023\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/a\u003e\n\u003cfigcaption\u003e4-PhCz, (4-(11H-Benzo[a]carbazol-11-yl)butyl) phosphonic acid chemical structure\u003c\/figcaption\u003e\n\u003c\/figure\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"msds\"\u003eMSDS Documentation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/downloads.ossila.com\/msds\/4-phcz.pdf\" title=\"4-phcz MSDS Sheet\" target=\"_blank\"\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"4-phcz MSDS Sheet\" class=\"msds-icon\" height=\"39\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/product-downloads-msds.svg\" width=\"30\"\u003e4-PhCz MSDS Sheet\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"literature\"\u003eLiterature and Reviews\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eC. Guo et al. (2025), Bifacially Reinforced Self-Assembled Monolayer Interfaces for Minimized Recombination Loss and Enhanced Stability in Perovskite\/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells, Adv. Mater., 37 (29), 2504520; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202504520\" title=\"4-phcz\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDOI: 10.1002\/adma.202504520\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJ. Wang et al. (2026), Asymmetric Self-Assembled Molecule with High Dipole Moment for Efficient Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells and Tandems, Adv. Mater., 38 (13), e23338; \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202523338\" title=\"4-phcz\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eDOI: 10.1002\/adma.202523338\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"related-products\"\u003eRelated Products\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003chr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[[collection handle=\"self-assembled-monolayers\" limit=\"5\"]]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-container\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-tile\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/collections\/self-assembled-monolayers\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-button background-light-blue\"\u003e\n\u003cimg width=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/self-assembled-monolayers-collection-design.png?width=150\" loading=\"lazy\" height=\"109\" alt=\"Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs)\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelf-Assembled\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMonolayers\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-tile\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/collections\/perovskite-materials\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-button background-ossila-blue\"\u003e\n\u003cimg width=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/collection-link-Perovskite-Materials.png?width=150\" loading=\"lazy\" height=\"109\" alt=\"Perovskite Materials\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerovskite Materials\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-tile\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/collections\/semiconducting-molecules\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"collection-button background-light-blue\"\u003e\n\u003cimg width=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/cdn\/shop\/files\/collection-link-Semiconducting-Molecules.png?width=150\" loading=\"lazy\" height=\"109\" alt=\"Semiconducting Molecules\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSemiconducting\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMolecules\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Ossila","offers":[{"title":"250 mg","offer_id":51568303112408,"sku":"M2596A1-250mg","price":315.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mg","offer_id":51568303145176,"sku":"M2596A1-500mg","price":495.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"1 g","offer_id":51568303177944,"sku":"M2596A1-1g","price":795.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0823\/0287\/files\/4-phcz-chemical-structure-title.png?v=1776334221","url":"https:\/\/www.ossila.com\/products\/4-phcz","provider":"Ossila","version":"1.0","type":"link"}