TPD - N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine

N,N′-Bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine, commonly abbreviated as TPD, is widely used as hole transport materials in organic electronic devices.

TPD is also used as a blue-violet light emitting material or host material on the phosphorescence organic light emitting diodes for its wide energy band is about 3.2 eV with highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) 5.5 eV and 2.3 eV respectively [1, 2].

TPD from Ossila was used in the high-impact paper (IF 14.92), Complete polarization of electronic spins in OLEDs, T. Scharff et al., Nat. Commun., 12, 2071 (2021); DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22191-3.

General Information

*Measurable with the Ossila Optical Spectrometer, see our spectrometers and spectroscopy accessories.

Product Details

* Sublimation is a technique used to obtain ultra pure-grade chemicals, see sublimed materials.

Chemical Structure

Device Structure(s)

Device Structure	ITO/m-MTDATA/TPD/F-TBB*/Alq3/MgAg [1]
Colour	Blue
Max EQE	1.4%
Maximum luminance	3960 cd m-2 at 15.0 V

Device Structure	ITO/75 wt% TPD:25 wt% PC (50nm) /TCTA (10nm)/6 % PtL30Cl*:94 % [TCTA: TCP] [1:1] (30 nm)/TAZ (30 nm)/LiF/Al [3]
Colour	White
EQE@500 cd/m2	11.3%
Current Efficiency@500 cd/m2	23.5 cd/A
Bias	9.3 V

Device Structure	ITO/m-MTDATA*:F4-TCNQ (100 nm)/TPD (5 nm)/Alq3 (20 nm)/BPhen (10 nm)/Bphen:Li (30 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm) [4]
Colour	Green
Max. Luminance	10,000 cd/m2 at 5.2 V
Max. Current Efficiency	5.27 cd/A

Device Structure	ITO/CuPc(10 nm)/TPD(50 nm)/Bepp2 (40 nm)/LiF(1.5 nm)/Al(200 nm) [5]
Colour	Blue
Max. Luminance	4,000 cd/m2
Max. Power Efficiency	0.55 lm W−1

Device Structure	ITO/TPD (50 nm)/BePP2 (5 nm)/TPD (4 nm)/BePP2:rubrene (5 nm)/TPD (4 nm)/Alq (10 nm)/Al [6]
Colour	White
Max. Luminance	20,000 cd/m2
Max. Power Efficiency	1.11 lm W−1

Device Structure	ITO/CuPc (18 nm)/TPD (50 nm)/Alq3 (60 nm)/BCP (10 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm) [8]
Colour	Green
Max. Luminance	5,993 cd/m2
Max. Current Efficiency	3.82 cd/A
Max. Power Efficiency	2.61 lm W-1

Device Structure	ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK:OXD-7:TPD:(Et-Cvz-PhQ)2Ir(pic)*/OXD-7 (20 nm)/Ba (3 nm)/Al (100 nm) [9]
Colour	Red
Max. Current Efficiency	17.5 cd/A
Max. EQE	10.6%
Max. Power Efficiency	6.42 lm W−1

Device Structure	ITO/TPD (50 nm)/Zn(BTZ)2 (50 nm)/MgIn (200 nm) [10]
Colour	Greenish-White
Max. Luminance	10,190 cd/m2
Max. Power Efficiency	0.89 lm W−1

*For chemical structure informations please refer to the cited references.

Characterisation

MSDS Documentation

TPD MSDS sheet

Literature and Reviews

1. Development of high-performance blue-violet-emitting organic electroluminescent devices, K. Okumoto et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 79(9), 1231–1233 (2001).
2. Efficiency and Aging Comparison Between N,N′-Bis (3-methylphenyl)-N,N′-diphenylbenzidine (TPD) and N,N′-Di-[(1-naphthalenyl)-N,N′-diphenyl]-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (NPD) Based OLED Devices, M. Maglione et al., Macromol. Symp., 247, 311–317 (2007).
3. Blue-shifting the monomer and excimer phosphorescence of tridentate cyclometallated platinum(II) complexes for optimal white-light OLEDs, L. Murphy et al., Chem. Commun., 48, 5817-5819 (2012), DOI: 10.1039/C2CC31330H.
4. Low-voltage organic electroluminescent devices using pin structures, J. Huang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 139 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.143211.
5. Hydroxyphenyl-pyridine Beryllium Complex (Bepp2) as a Blue Electroluminescent Material, Y. Li et al., Chem. Mater., 12, 2672–2675 (2000); DOI: 10.1021/cm000237u.
6. Organic white light electroluminescent devices, S. Liu et al., Thin Solid Films, 363, 294-297 (2000); doi:10.1016/S0040-6090(99)01017-2. 
7. Highly efficient bilayer green phosphorescent organic light emitting devices, W-S. Jeon et al., Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 113311 (2008); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2898527.
8. High-Efficiency Organic Electroluminescent Device with Multiple Emitting Units, C-C. Chang et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 43, 6418–6422 (2004); [DOI: 10.1143/JJAP.43.6418.
9. High efficiency, solution-processed, red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes from a polymer doped with iridium complexes, M. Song et al., Org. Electronics, 10 (7), 1412–1415 (2009), doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2009.07.012.
10. White-Light-Emitting Material for Organic Electroluminescent Devices, Y. Hamada et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35 L1339-L1341 (1996); http://iopscience.iop.org/1347-4065/35/10B/L1339.
11. A Novel Yellow Fluorescent Dopant for High-Performance Organic Electroluminescent Devices, X. Q. Lin et al, Chem. Mater., 13 (2), 456–458 (2001), DOI: 10.1021/cm0004679.
12. Organic plasmon-emitting diode, D. M. Koller et al., Nature Photonics 2, 684 - 687 (2008) 
13. Enhancing the electroluminescent properties of organic light-emitting devices using a thin NaCl layer, et al., S. J. Kang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 2581 (2002); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1511817.
14. White light emission from blends of blue-emitting organic molecules: A general route to the white organic light-emitting diode?, J. Thompson et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 560 (2001); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1388875.
15. Investigation of ultra-thin titania films as hole-blocking contacts for organic photovoltaics, H. Kim et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 3, 17332-17343 (2015).