Ir(ppz)3
CAS Number 562824-31-1
Dopant Materials, Electron / Hole Transport Layer Materials, High Purity Sublimed Materials, Semiconducting Molecules
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Ir(ppz)3, EBL for organic electronic devices
Doped Ir(ppz)3 used to enhance low wavelength optical-absorption capacity
Tris(phenylpyrazole)iridium, known as Ir(ppz)3, features a small lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of around 1.6 eV. It has been normally used as an electron-blocking layer (EBL) in organic light-emitting diodes and other organic electronic devices (e.g. organic photovoltaics)
It has also been reported that Ir(ppz)3 doping can enhance low wavelength optical-absorption capacity, and that doping a small amount of Ir(ppz)3 can also improve the crystallinity of P3HT. Moreover, the large energy barrier between Ir(ppz)3 and the polymer active layer (which can reduce the electron current densities and increase the hole current densities) indicates a more balanced carrier transport based on hole- and electron-only devices [2].
Literature and Reviews
- Blue and Near-UV Phosphorescence from Iridium Complexes with Cyclometalated Pyrazolyl or N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands, T. Sajoto et al., Inorg. Chem., 44 (22), 7992-8003(2005); DOI: 10.1021/ic051296i.
- Performance Improvement in Poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-Phenyl C61 Butyric Acid Methyl Ester Polymer Solar Cell by Doping Wide-Gap Material Tris(phenylpyrazole)iridium, C-S. Ho et al., Appl. Phys. Express 6, 042301 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/APEX.6.042301.
- Flexible top-emitting warm-white organic light-emitting diodes with highly luminous performances and extremely stable chromaticity, H. Shi et al., Org. Electronics 15 (2014) 1465–1475; doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2014.03.031.
- Hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes with improved color stability and negligible efficiency roll-off based on blue fluorescence and yellow phosphorescence, X. Wang et al., J. Luminescene, 137, 59–63 (2013); http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2012.12.031.
- Luminous efficiency enhancement in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with an electron confinement layers, J-S. Kang et al., Optical Materials 47, 78–82 (2015); doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2015.07.003.
- Towards Highly Efficient Blue-Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Low Operating Voltage and Excellent Efficiency Stability, C. Han et al., Chem. Eur. J., 17, 445 – 449 (2011); DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001981.
- Tailoring the Efficiencies and Spectra of White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with the Interlayers, G. Xie et al., J. Phys. Chem. C 2011, 115, 264–269; DOI: 10.1021/jp107319e.
- Highly efficient and color-stable white organic light-emitting diode based on a novel blue phosphorescent host, Q. Wu et al., Syn. Metals 187, 160– 164 (2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2013.11.010.
General Information
CAS Number | 562824-31-1 |
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Chemical Formula | C27H21IrN6 |
Molecular Weight | 621.71 g/mol |
Absorption | λmax 321 nm (2-MeTHF) [1] |
Fluorescence | λem 414 nm (2-MeTHF) |
HOMO/LUMO | HOMO = 5.0 eV, LUMO = 1.6 eV |
Synonyms |
Tris(1-phenylpyrazolato)iridium Tris(phenylpyrazole)iridium |
Classification / Family | Iridium complex, Electron blocking layer (EBL) materials, Hole transport layer (HTL) materials, Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs), Organic photovoltaics, Organic electronics |
*Measurable with the Ossila Optical Spectrometer, see more on Spectrometers and Spectroscopy Accessories.
Product Details
Purity | >99.5% (sublimed) |
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Melting point | N/A |
Appearance | Light yellow powder/crystals |
Sublimation is a technique used to obtain ultra pure-grade chemicals, see sublimed materials.
Chemical Structure

Device Structure(s)
Device structure | ITO/PSS:PEDOT/P3HT:PCBM:0.1 wt% Ir(ppz)3/LiF/Al [2] |
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JSC (mA cm-2) | 11.8 |
VOC (V) | 0.61 |
FF (%) | 59 |
PCE | 4.24 |
Device structure | Ag (80 nm)/MoO3 (2 nm)/MeO-TPD*:3 wt% F4-TCNQ (30 nm)/MeO-TPD (10 nm)/Ir(PPZ)3 (10 nm)/TCTA:8 wt% FIrpic:2% PO-01 (12 nm)/SPPO1:8 wt% FIrpic (15 nm)/BPhen (10 nm)/Bphen:3 wt% Li (20 nm)/Ag (14 nm) [3] |
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Colour |
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Max. Luminance | 23,340 cd/m2 |
Max. Power Efficiency | 15.39 lm W−1 |
Max. Current Efficiency | 24.49 cd/A |
Turn-on Voltage | 3.1 V |
Device structure | ITO/m-MTDATA (45nm)/Ir(ppz)3 (10 nm)/CBP:PO-01 (5 nm,6wt%)/Ir(ppz)3 (1 nm)/MADN: DSA-Ph* (25 nm,5wt%)/ BPhen (50 nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100 nm) [4] |
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Colour |
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Current Efficiency | 21.0 cd/A@2, 300 cd/m2 20.1 cd/A@9, 300 cd/m2 |
CIE | (0.41,0.46) to (0.40,0.46) over 103 – 104 cd/m2 |
Device structure | ITO (180 nm)/TAPC (60 nm)/mCP:Firpic–8 wt% (10 nm)/Ir(ppz)3 (1.5 nm)/mCP:Firpic–8 wt% (10 nm)/Ir(ppz)3 (1.5 nm)/mCP:Firpic–8 wt% (10 nm)/TPBi (30 nm)/Liq (2 nm)/Al (120 nm) [5] |
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Colour |
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Luminance@200 cd/m2 | 32,570 cd/m2 |
Max. Current Efficiency | 43.76 cd/A |
Max. EQE | 23.4% |
Max. Power Efficiency | 21.4 lm W−1 |
Device structure | ITO/MoOx (2 nm)/m-MTDATA:- MoOx (3:1, 10 nm)/m-MTDATA (30 nm)/Ir(ppz)3 (10 nm)/DBFPPO:FIrpic (10:1, 10 nm)/3TPYMB (10 nm)/BPhen (30 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al [6] |
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Colour |
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Max. Current Efficiency | 35.5 cd/A |
Max. EQE | 15.5% |
Device structure | ITO/m-MTDATA: MoOx (10 nm, 15 wt %)/m-MTDATA (30 nm)/Ir(ppz)3 (15 nm)/ mCP:FIrpic (5 nm, 10 wt %)/BPhen (2 nm)/mCP:(FBT)2Ir(acac) (5 nm, 6 wt %)/BPhen (40 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/ Al (100 nm) [7] |
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Colour |
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EQE@10 mA/cm2 | 12.5 % |
CIE | (0.27 ± 0.01, 0.40 ± 0.01) over 103 – 104 cd/m2 |
Device structure | ITO/MoOx (2 nm)/m-MTDATA: MoOx (30 nm, 15 wt.%)/m-MTDATA (10 nm)/Ir(ppz)3 (10 nm)/CBP:PO-01* (3 nm, 6 wt.%)/Ir(ppz)3(1 nm)/DBFDPOPhCz*:FIrpic (10 nm,10 wt.%)/Bphen (36 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al [8] |
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Colour |
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Max. EQE | 12.2% |
Max. Current Efficiency | 42.4 cd/A |
Max. Power Efficiency | 47.6 lm W−1 |
*For chemical structure information please refer to the cited references.
Characterisation

Pricing
Grade | Order Code | Quantity | Price |
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Sublimed (>99% purity) | M721 | 100 mg | £330 |
Sublimed (>99% purity) | M721 | 250 mg | £660 |
Sublimed (>99% purity) | M721 | 500 mg | £1200 |
Sublimed (>99% purity) | M721 | 1 g | £2100 |
MSDS Documentation
To the best of our knowledge the information provided here is accurate. The values provided are typical at the time of manufacture and may vary over time and from batch to batch. Products may have minor cosmetic differences (e.g. to the branding) compared to the photos on our website. All products are for laboratory and research and development use only.